What happens in a hive through out the year?
Everything that the bees do, pretty much. The queen lays eggs, they hatch into larvae, the nurse bees take care of them, then cap them, they pupate, mature, and emerge. Some bees clean the hive, some bees collect foraged nectar, pollen, and water from foraging bees and then store it. Some bees evaporate water to cool the hive, others cure and cap honey. In the winter, they cluster and vibrate and eat to keep the hive warm.
Some collect the substance that they make bee glue from to seal the hive.
doak
I good way to learn more about bees is to buy a book about the subject. You can find a lot of beekeeping books at Amazon, many to an affordable price, and you will probably find some good books in your local library as well. This will give you some basic knowledge about beekeeping. You can also read Beemaster's beekeeping course: http://www.beemaster.com/honeybee/beehome.htm
http://www.bushfarms.com/beesbasics.htm