Beemaster's International Beekeeping Forum

BEEKEEPING LEARNING CENTER => GENERAL BEEKEEPING - MAIN POSTING FORUM. => Topic started by: troutstalker2 on October 29, 2010, 09:41:29 AM

Title: Genetic diversity
Post by: troutstalker2 on October 29, 2010, 09:41:29 AM

  I caught a ferrel swarm last year and I was impressed with the qualities of this queen. Gentle, good layer, plus they are survivors. This spring at about the end of the honey flow the hive was huge and full of swarm cells, so I made 4 splits. My question is with just one other hive that is not descended from the original queen in the yard will inbreeding be a problem. On one hand you want genetic diversity and the other you want to produce queens from your best queen. The best queens seem to be mutts I get from a swarm or their decedents. If I buy queens I have more problems with them. Besides swarms are free.

David
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: caticind on October 29, 2010, 10:40:28 AM
Local drones are also free :) and help keep your bees (and daughter queens) muttified. 

Given your location, I would bet there are other beekeepers within a few miles of you.  Mating queens will fly out to drone collection areas hosting drones from a 5+ mile radius, including ferals and other kept bees.  You are not at any risk of inbreeding unless there are very few bee colonies around you or unless you have so many more colonies than your neighbors that most of the drones are yours - in which case you might get drones from your own hives mating with your new queens.

However, "self-mated" queens will appear to have very poor laying patterns (actually they may lay fine, but the workers can smell strongly inbred eggs and will remove many of them resulting in a scattershot pattern of brood).  So if you have a good brood pattern, you can be reasonably sure that your queens are not inbred.

If you want a jolt of new genes without buying queens, then make a point of answering swarm calls from 10-20 miles away, outside of your local genetic zone.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: Stlnifr on October 29, 2010, 04:37:43 PM
So I know where three bee trees are separated by 10 miles or more. If I am lucky with my swarm traps then would I have good genetic diversity with these feral bees?
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: caticind on October 30, 2010, 10:28:57 AM
If they are really ferals, and not from swarms off hives stocked by packages, then probably so.  Even if they are "domestic" stock, they would help prevent inbreeding.  The OP was concerned that all their hives were descended from a single queen, so any colony not mated by the drones in their local area would help.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: Stlnifr on October 30, 2010, 06:17:52 PM
Quote from: caticind on October 30, 2010, 10:28:57 AM
If they are really ferals, and not from swarms off hives stocked by packages.

How can one make the determination on whether they are Feral bees or from hives stocked by packaged bees?
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: Kathyp on October 30, 2010, 06:58:07 PM
you really can't by looking at them although in my area the ferals tend to be a bit smaller and darker.  in my area we have a lot of farms and they bring in a lot of bees.  most of my swarms come off those hives.  i only know i'm getting truly feral bees when i can get them from a tree hive or out of a building, and then only if someone can verify that the mother hive has been there a while.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: Stlnifr on October 30, 2010, 07:30:21 PM
OK is it save to assume that the bees in the three bee trees that I know of are feral bees. They have been in these trees 3 years or more and one that has been there for almost seven. They have been bees in this tree ever year we have looked at them for the past several years. Whether they are the same bees we will never know but bees have been in this tree that long.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: VolunteerK9 on October 30, 2010, 07:51:33 PM
Even if they are originally from someone's packages that swarmed, my thinking would be that if they have survived in a tree on their on for 3 years, that they definitely could be labeled survivors. That's the kind of bees I am striving for, feral or not.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: troutstalker2 on October 31, 2010, 09:37:18 AM
Quote from: caticind on October 30, 2010, 10:28:57 AM
If they are really ferals, and not from swarms off hives stocked by packages, then probably so.  Even if they are "domestic" stock, they would help prevent inbreeding.  The OP was concerned that all their hives were descended from a single queen, so any colony not mated by the drones in their local area would help.

   Its funny you say that, I caught a swarm this spring and the queen had a funny blue dot on its back.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: mudlakee on October 31, 2010, 11:42:56 AM
I WAS WONDERING WHERE THAT NUC WENT.  Tony
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: Joelel on October 31, 2010, 02:57:40 PM
Feral means wild bees or not kept by man. All swarms from your hives become feral or wild. You don't know what's out there. You can raise good queens from one queen but you don't know what they will mate with. They can get different genetics from different drones.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: David McLeod on October 31, 2010, 09:57:35 PM
Maybe I'm wrong thinking this but maybe let a few swarms of your good stock get loose in your area might be a means of keeping good genes in the area, if nothing else it would be an ironclad test of just how good your stock really is.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: AllenF on October 31, 2010, 11:14:16 PM
It could be a front line against AHB.   But it could be a breeding ground for SHB and possibly mites as well as competition for nectar from your hives.  People just don't like seeing a new hive fly away.   But I do see the benefits of good drone saturation in your area.   
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: David McLeod on October 31, 2010, 11:25:50 PM
You know if it weren't for the mites and SHB we could be a leg up on the AHB. It seems that everything the AHB does is just the opposite and can out survive our EHBs in the face of these pests.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: AllenF on October 31, 2010, 11:41:07 PM
Ya, when the pest get too bad for the hive, an AHB hive will just move off to a new home leaving the trouble behind.   
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: David McLeod on October 31, 2010, 11:43:05 PM
Sounds like some of my in laws. LOL
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: AllenF on October 31, 2010, 11:43:56 PM
 :lau:
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: tecumseh on November 01, 2010, 09:40:21 AM
troutstalker ask..
My question is with just one other hive that is not descended from the original queen in the yard will inbreeding be a problem.

tecumseh:
this would depend on what you think is in the surrounding area.  if the two hives were the only hives for miles about then I would guess inbreeding might be a problem.  the process of inbreeding is however not all down side since it is a well used method of concentrating genetic traits in honeybees.  many old breeding lines started by first pursuing inbreeding.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: David McLeod on November 02, 2010, 09:08:08 AM
tecumseh, it's linebreeding if it works and inbreeding if it don't. ;) Line breeding is a useful tool to concentrate good genes (related pairs share the same genes) but it can also expose any latent or recessive (non expressed) ugly genes. All line breeding programs must eventually outcross to unrelated stock as it is a guarantee that the bad stuff all things carry way back in the genetic pool will rise to the surface just as a result of concentrating the genes over time (generations). I believe the starlines and midnites got around this by maintaining two seperate but similar genetic lines and crossing these every so many generations.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: L Daxon on November 02, 2010, 10:56:25 AM
This won't work too well for you guys living in the country, but I live in the city:

Last time I called in an order to one of the bee supply houses and they asked me for my zip code, I asked them if they have any other clients from my same zip code and they said, "Yes, three."  So now I know there are at least 3 other beekeeps fairly close to me.  And that was from just one supplier.

I also have access to a computer mapping program that let me put in my address and then lets me draw a radius any distance I want from my home.  I put in a 3 mile radius and I was surprised to see how far away the girls could be flying or other bees could be coming in from.  It was a lot farther than I had thought cause they can do "bee lines" and not have to follow streets.  :-D  And the 3 mile radius from me actually went into a couple other zip codes. So who knows how many other beekeeps are around me and how diverse the bee population is locally.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: Michael Bush on November 02, 2010, 11:52:07 AM
You are contributing to genetic diversity by continuing the feral line... and the feral drones will keep helping.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: tecumseh on November 03, 2010, 06:45:31 AM
david mcleod writes:
it's linebreeding if it works and inbreeding if it don't.

and

I believe the starlines and midnites got around this by maintaining two seperate but similar genetic lines and crossing these every so many generations.

tecumseh:
thanks for the funny face... and yes I can see you point quite clearly.

the first thing I suspect that would reveal itself in the poster case is the (mis)alignment of sex alles and what would look like a shot gun brood pattern.  I think the current thinking (from what I have read) is that a minimum of 6 different drone types (12 drone type possibilities) are required to produce genetic diversity in the eggs produced by a given queen.

If my memory is correct (certainly not fresh) the starline and midnight were a three way cross.  Maintaining the proper drones for each of the componets of the three way cross was a larger problem in these hybrids.
 
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: mathew on November 06, 2010, 12:33:45 PM
idaxon-can u get such a mapping tool online? I like that you can set a radius and have an idea where 3miles would cover.

I have been using google maps and their satellite view around my beehive. I found quite a couple of areas that had good forage and which neighbours were farming or kept beautiful gardens. Saved quite abit of effort to walk around the neighbourhood to track down the bee line.
Title: Re: Genetic diversity
Post by: L Daxon on November 06, 2010, 03:41:35 PM
Matthew,

I don't know if you can get such a program free on line.  You might try and google the feature.  I am sure you can buy some of the cheaper mapping programs that would have that feature.  I am a Realtor so I get it as part of my MLS access.